Nhau

Transformer yega yega ine ndiro yesimbi inoshanda sechitupa chayo—zita rekuti. Kune nyanzvi dzekutenga, mainjiniya, uye vatariri vemidziyo, kunzwisisa ruzivo urwu kwakakosha. Zita rekuti transformer rine nhamba dzakakosha dzinotsanangura kuti transformer inogona kushandiswa sei, kubatanidzwa, uye kuchengetwa sei muhupenyu hwayo hwese hwekushanda.

Kwenguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwavo hwekushanda, matransformer anoshanda chinyararire. Matambudziko anoitika mukati—kuputira kunopera, kubatana kunoreruka, nzvimbo dzinopisa dzinoumbwa—pasina yambiro inooneka. Panosvika nguva yekudzivirira kwakajairika, kazhinji kukuvara kunenge kwatoitika.

Kune transformer hombe ine simba, rwendo kubva kufekitori kuenda kune substation idambudziko reinjiniya pacharo. Zvichirema mazana ematani uye zvine zvikamu zvemukati zvisina kusimba, zvinhu izvi zvinosangana nenjodzi huru panguva yekufambisa—njodzi dzinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakavanzika uye kutadza kushanda nguva isati yakwana. Kunzwisisa mashandiro ekutakura transformer nekuiisa kwakakosha kune nyanzvi dzekutenga dzinofanira kuona kuti mari yadzo inosvika zvakachengeteka uye inoshanda zvakanaka.

Oiri yetransformer inowanzonzi "ropa" retransformer. Inochengetedza, inotonhodza, inodzivirira, uye inotoongorora. Kwemakore anopfuura zana, mafuta emineral anobva mupetroleum ave ari sarudzo yakajairika. Asi kunetseka kuri kukura kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza moto zvakakonzera kugadzirwa kwemamwe mafuta - kunyanya, mafuta e ester echisikigo anobva muzvirimwa.

Pakutenga transformer, hunyanzvi hunotsanangura chikamu chenyaya chete. Humbowo hwechokwadi hwemhando yepamusoro huri mumishumo yebvunzo uye mamakisi ezvitupa. Kune nyanzvi dzekutenga dzinofamba mumisika yepasi rose, kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nemiedzo iyi uye kuti zvitupa zvipi zvinokosha kunogona kureva musiyano pakati pekudyara mari kwakavimbika nekukanganisa kunodhura.

Hurefu hwenguva yetransformer hunonyanya kuenderana nekupisa kwayo. Pakukwira kwega kwega kwemadhigirii 6 kusvika ku8 Celsius pamusoro pekupisa kwakayerwa, hupenyu hwekudzivirira hunoderedzwa nepakati. Hukama uhu hunokosha hunoita kuti masisitimu ekutonhodza asangova zvinhu zvekubatsira chete, asiwo zvinhu zvakakosha zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvirambe zviripo kwenguva refu uye kuvimbika.

Sezvo mafekitori emhepo ari mugungwa achifambira mberi kubva kumahombekombe—kupfuura makiromita zana achipinda mumvura yakadzika—kutakurwa kweAC kwechinyakare kunosvika pamiganhu yayo yehunyanzvi. Tambo dzepasi pegungwa dzinoshanda sema capacitor makuru, dzichishandisa simba rekuita uye zvichiita kuti kutakurwa kwesimba kushande zvakanaka munzvimbo refu. Apa ndipo panodiwa tekinoroji yekufambisa simba remagetsi ine simba guru (HVDC), uye pamwe chete nayo, kirasi itsva yema transformers akasarudzika.

Chii chinoitika kutransformer kana isingachagone kugadziriswa kana kugadzirwa patsva? Kwemakumi emakore, mhinduro yacho yaive nyore: nzvimbo yekurasira marara kana kudzoreredza marara. Nhasi uno, nzira iyoyo iri kuchinja. Nekuramba kuri kuita mitemo yezvakatipoteredza, mitengo yezvinhu zvakagadziriswa iri kukwira, uye zvisungo zvekuchengetedza makambani, kuputsa nekudzokorodza matransformer akabviswa basa kwashanduka kuita nzira yeindasitiri yakaoma.

Kune vagadziri nevatengi vematransformer, mutengo wezvinhu zvakagadzirwa hausi dambudziko guru—ndiwo musimboti wemitengo, purofiti, uye kushanda zvakanaka kweprojekiti. Matransformer zvinhu zvinoda zvinhu zvakawanda, nesimbi yemagetsi yemhangura nesimbi yegorosi (GOES) chete ndiyo inobhadhara mari yakawanda yekugadzira. Kana mitengo yezvinhu izvi ikachinja, mhedzisiro yacho inopararira muketani yese yekugovera.

Chii chinoitika kutransformer pakupera kwebasa rayo? Kwemakumi emakore, mhinduro yacho yaive nyore: kuibvisa kana kuitumira kunzvimbo yekurasira marara. Nhasi, nzira yakasiyana iri kuwedzera simba—iyo inopa mabhenefiti anokwezva varidzi vezvinhu uye nharaunda.