Kuziva Kugona Kutakura Kwepamusoro-soro KW kweTransformer ye1000kVA: Kukanganisa kwePower Factor

Maitiro Ekuverenga Kuyera Kwemutoro weKW we1000kVA Transformer Zvichibva Pasimba

Nemhando yekareTransformer ye1000kVAPari zvino ine mutoro weinenge 200kW, transformer iyi inogona here kugadzirisa kudiwa kuri kuwedzera kana tichironga kuwedzera mutoro mutsva weinenge 600kW? Mubvunzo uyu unonyanya kutenderera papfungwa huru: hukama nemusiyano uripo pakati pekVA nekW.

Hukama uye musiyano uripo pakati pe kVA ne kW

kVA (kilovolt-ampere) iyuniti yesimba rinoonekwa, nepo kW (kilowatt) ichimiririra yuniti yesimba rinoonekwa. Kuwedzera kune simba rinoonekwa uye simba rinoonekwa, kunewo simba rinoonekwa, rinoyerwa mu kvar (kilovar).

Ndeipi musiyano uripo pakati pesimba rinoita basa, simba rinoita basa, uye simba rinoonekwa?

Simba Rinoshanda: Ichiyerwa mu watts (W), inomiririra simba chairo rinoshandiswa kana basa rinobatsira rinoitwa nedunhu (semuenzaniso, kupisa, mwenje).

Simba Rinopindura: Yakayerwa mu volt-amperes reactive (VAR), inotsigira magineti mu inductive loads (semuenzaniso, mamota) asi haishande chaizvo. Semuenzaniso, kana mudziyo wemagetsi uine ma capacitor kana ma coil, zvikamu izvi zvinoramba zvichichaja uye zvichiburitsa simba mudziyo uchishanda. Sezvo ma capacitor/ma coil asingashandisi simba remagetsi panguva yekuchaja/kuburitsa simba, simba rinobatanidzwa rinonzi ‌reactive power‌.

Simba Rinooneka: Ichiyerwa mu volt-amperes (VA), imusanganiswa wesimba rinoita basa nerinoshanda, zvichimiririra simba rese riri mudunhu. Sosi yemagetsi (kazhinji transformer kana jenareta) haifanire kungopa simba rinoita basa chete asiwo simba rinoita basa kumidziyo yemagetsi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti, kunyangwe ma capacitor ari mumudziyo asingashandise simba rinoita basa, kuchaja nekuburitsa simba nguva dzose zvichiri kuda kuti sosi yemagetsi igovere chikamu chekugona kwayo kutsigira maitiro aya.

Mushure mekujekesa pfungwa idzi, tinogona kuongorora hukama hwadzo, izvo zvinotitungamira kune imwe pfungwa yakakosha: ‌power factor‌. Huwandu hwesimba rinoitwa nemagetsi hunoenderana zvakananga nepower factor.

Chii chinonzi simba?

Simba chinhu (cosΦ) chiyero chesimba rinoita basa (P)‌ kune simba rinoonekwa (S):

Semuenzaniso, transformer ye1000kVA inogona kupa ‌600kW yesimba rinoshanda kana simba remagetsi (cosφ) riri 0.6, nepo ichigona kuburitsa ‌900kW yesimba rinoshanda kana simba remagetsi rikawedzera kusvika 0.9.

Kana mutengo wemagetsi uri pa$1 pa kilowatt-awa (kWh), transformer inoshanda nesimba re0.6 inogona kuburitsa mari inosvika $600/awa. Kana simba remagetsi ravandudzika kusvika pa0.9, transformer imwe chete inogona kuburitsa mari inosvika ¥900/awa. Kunyange hazvo mabhenefiti emari ekuvandudza simba remagetsi ari pachena, zvayakanakira pahunyanzvi hwayo (semuenzaniso, kugadzirisa kugadzikana kwegrid uye kuderedza kurasikirwa nesimba) zvinopfuura izvi zvinokurumidza.

Transformer ye1000kVA inogona kutsigira makilowatts mangani (kW)?

Neruzivo rwekutanga rwakasimbiswa pamusoro apa, ikozvino tinogona kugadzirisa mubvunzo mukuru wechinyorwa chino nekujeka uye nemazvo.

Kugona kwetransformer kunoyerwa mu ‌kVA (kilovolt-amperes), ukuwo simba rinoshandiswa nemidziyo yemagetsi richiyerwa mu ‌kW (kilowatts). Musiyano mukuru uri pakuti kuverenga simba rinoshanda (kW) remudziyo kunoda kuwedzera simba rayo rinoratidza simba (kVA) ne ‌power factor (cosφ). Semuenzaniso, transformer ye1000kVA inogona chete kupa simba rakazara re ‌1000kW kana ichishanda pa power factor ye ‌1.0‌. Zvisinei, kuwana mamiriro aya akanaka (PF = 1.0) hazvigoneke mumashandisirwo chaiwo.

Muchikamu chekugadzira, kana tikashandisa simba rekugadzirisa kuti tiwane simba re 0.95, simba rinobuda mu transformer rinofanira kuverengwa se 1000×0.95=950kW. Chiziviso Chakakosha: Power utilities inorayira simba remagetsi (PF) re ‌≥0.9‌ kudzivirira zvirango; zvisinei, kudarika ‌PF = 1.0‌ kunogona kukonzera kukwira kwemagetsi esystem uye kukanganisa kugadzikana kwegrid‌.

ATransformer ye1000kVAPakutanga inopa 200kW yemagetsi. Mushure mekuwedzera 600kW itsva, simba rese rinodiwa rinosvika ‌800kW, iro rinoramba riri mukati memuganhu wekushanda wakachengeteka wetransformer.

Nokudaro,Transformer ye1000kVAPakutanga ichipa 200kW yemagetsi inogona kushanda zvakachengeteka kwenguva refu kunyangwe mushure mekuwedzera 600kW itsva (huwandu hwe800kW), chero bedzi simba rayo rakagadziridzwa kusvika padanho rinodiwa.