Mitemo yeMaindasitiri yeVashanduri veHigh-Voltage Pasi Pose kubva muna 2025

Zvichibva paruzivo rweveruzhinji kubva muna Ndira kusvika muna Chikunguru 2025,mitemo yeindasitiri ye transformer ine voltage yepamusoro​ kutarisa pasi rose pakuvandudzwa kwekushandiswa kwesimba zvakanaka, rutsigiro rwesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa, mitemo yemusika, uye kubatana kwegrid regional. Pazasi pane ongororo yakarongwa yemafambiro makuru emitemo yenyika/matunhu:

I. European Union (EU): Kusimbisa Kushanda Nesimba Nezvinodiwa Nezvakatipoteredza Kuti Kugadziriswe Kwenzvimbo
EU inoramba iri mutungamiri wepasi rose mukuisa mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza simba zvakanaka kune vaneMadhiragi eVoltage, nehurongwa hwegore ra2025 huchikosha kuchinja kwekabhoni shoma kuburikidza nematanho ekushanda zvakanaka uye ehupfumi hwakatenderera:

1. Mitemo Yekushandisa Simba Zvakanaka Yakavandudzwa:Pasi peEcodesign Directive (ErP Directive, 2009/125/EC), pakati nepakati kusvika pakukura Masimba Anoshandura (kusanganisira mhando dzemagetsi ane simba rakawanda) dzine miganhu yakaoma pakurasikirwa kwemutoro uye kurasikirwa nemutoro, neavhareji yekudzikira kwe15% zvichienzaniswa nemiganhu yekare. Chikamu chekushandisa simba kwematransformer chichavandudzwa kubva kuClass E kuenda kuClass D panosvika 2025, zvichikurudzira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisinganyanyi kurasikirwa (semuenzaniso, alloys dzisina chimiro, nanocrystalline cores) uye tekinoroji dzekugadzirisa kugona kwakangwara.

2. Zvinodiwa pahupfumi hwedunhu: Kutanga muna 2025, EU ichaisa zvirambidzo pahuwandu hwekudzokorodza zvinhu zve transformer (semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvepakati nezvinomonereka) uye ichasimbisa kutarisa kwemarara emagetsi (kusanganisira ma transformer). Vagadziri vachave nemhosva yekudzokorodza.

3. Chitupa cheEC chakavandudzwa: Matransformer ane simba guru anotumirwa kuEU anofanirwa kutevedzera Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC, 2014/30/EU) uye Machinery Directive (MD, 2006/42/EC) (kana akashongedzerwa nemafeni ekutonhodza). Maitiro ekupa zvitupa achava akaoma muna 2025, zvichida kuongororwa kweEMC nemasangano akaziviswa neEU uye kuongororwa kwakazara kwekuchengetedzwa kwehupenyu.

II. Southeast Asia: Kukura Kwekuda Kusina Kunanga Kunokonzereswa Nemitemo Yesimba Rezuva​
Southeast Asia, dunhu guru riri kukura muindasitiri yepasi rose ye photovoltaic (PV), riri kuwedzera kudiwa kwemagetsi emagetsi ane simba guru kuburikidza ne Rubatsiro rwePV uye shanduko dzegrid:

​1.Indonesia: Zvirongwa zvekusimudzira mapurojekiti esimba rinodzokororwa re100 GW (kusanganisira 75 GW yePV) mumakore gumi nemashanu anotevera. Muna 2025, ichatarisa pazviteshi zvemagetsi zvePV zvakakura, zvichikonzera kudiwa kukuru kwematransformer ane voltage yepamusoro (semuenzaniso, 220 kV zvichikwira).
2.Thailand: Chirongwa chekuvandudza magetsi chakagadziriswa muna 2024 chakanangana nekuwedzera simba rinogona kushandiswazve kusvika ku51% yesimba rese panosvika gore ra2037. Hapana muripo wemagetsi unopinzwa kunze kwenyika nezvinhu zvePV uye "chirongwa chekudzikisa mutero wePV pamusoro pedenga" (chinofukidza mhuri dzinosvika 90,000 muna 2025) zvichawedzera kudiwa kwetransformer ine chekuita nePV.
3.Vietnam: Yakagadzirisa mutemo wayo wePV padenga muna 2024 kuti ibvise miganhu yenzvimbo uye kuita kuti maitiro ekushandisa ave nyore. Pakazosvika 2025, chinangwa ndechekuva ne50% yemhuri nemahofisi anoshandisa PV padenga, zvichiwedzera kudiwa kwema transformer emagetsi akaderera kusvika pakati (semuenzaniso, kirasi ye10 kV).
4.Malaysia: Yakatanga kutengeserana kwayo kwechishanu kwemagetsi makuru ePV (2 GW) muna 2024 uye yakadzoreredza mitemo yemapurojekiti ekuzvishandisa. Muna 2025, kugona kwePV kwakaiswa kunotarisirwa kuramba kwakasimba kana kukura zvishoma, zvichiramba zvichiwedzera kudiwa kwetransformer.

III. India: Kuramba Uchinyora Mazita Ekushandisa Simba Nesimba Uye Kusimbiswa Kwekutarisira Musika​
Mutemo we transformer ine simba guru muIndia unotarisa mitemo yekushandisa simba zvakanakauye mitemo yekuchengetedza, pamwe nemitemo ya2025 inosimudzira kusimbiswa kwemutemo:

1. Kunyora Mazita Ekushandisa Simba Zvisina Kufanira: Pasi peMutemo weMagetsi, zvigadzirwa zve transformer zvinofanirwa kuratidza magiredhi ekushandisa simba zvakanaka (zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa pasi rose seIEC 60076-1). Kambani yemagetsi yehurumende NPCIL inotungamira zvigadzirwa zvinoshanda zvakanyanya pakutenga.
2. Zvirambidzo zvezvakatipoteredza: Mitemo ye2018 E-Waste Management inoda kuti vagadziri vaderedze huwandu hwesimbi inorema (semuenzaniso, lead, mercury) uye vavandudze kudzokorodza marara e-e. Kutarisirwa kuchawedzera muna 2025.
3. Makwikwi eMusika: Makambani emuno (semuenzaniso, BHEL, L&T) ari kuderedza musiyano nemakambani makuru epasi rose (semuenzaniso, ABB, Siemens) kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji. Kuwanda kwemakambani mashanu epamusoro pamusika kuri kudzikira zvishoma (kubva pa70% kusvika pa65% muna 2025), nepo makambani ari kubuda (anonyanyogadzira matransformer anochengetedza simba) ari kukurumidza kupinda mumusika.

IV. China: Kutarisa pakubatanidzwa kweSimba Rinodzokororwa uye Smart Grids kuti zvifambise mberi kusimudzirwa kwemaindasitiri​
Semugadziri mukuru we transformer pasi rose, mitemo yeChina yegore ra2025 inotarisa parutsigiro rwesimba rinogona kushandiswazve, kuvakwa kwegridi rakangwara, uye kuvandudzwa kwekushanda zvakanaka:

1. Kubatanidzwa kweSimba Rinodzokororwa: Komisheni yeNational Development and Reform (NDRC) neNational Energy Administration (NEA) vakaunza mitemo yekutsigira R&D yematransformer emhepo yekunze kwenyika nemapurojekiti ePV akaparadzirwa. Muna 2025, musika wematransformer emhepo yekunze kwenyika unotarisirwa kusvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu eyuan, uye kudiwa kwematransformer ane chekuita nePV kwakapararira kuchikura ne35%.
2. Kugadzirwa kweSmart Grid: State Grid inoronga kuisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi masere emadhora muna 2025 yekuvandudza michina yekufambisa nekuparadzira magetsi, matransformer achitora mari inodarika 40% yekutenga. Nzvimbo dzakakosha dzinosanganisira voltage yakakwira zvakanyanya (±800 kV zvichikwira) uye matransformer akangwara (musika unowedzera kubva pa20% kusvika pa25%).
3. Mitemo Yekushandisa Simba Zvakavandudzwa: Magiredhi eMinimum Allowable Values ​​eKushanda Nesimba uye Magiredhi Ekushanda Nesimba eMasimba eVashanduri veMasimba (GB 20052-2025) akagadziriswa achabvisa zvigadzirwa zvisingashande zvakanaka pasi pekirasi yeS13. Vashanduri vane simba guru (Giredhi 1) vachakodzera kudzoserwa mutero we70%, zvichikurumidzisa shanduko yeindasitiri kuti ibudirire.

V. North America: Smart Transformers uye Regional Grid Interconnection​
North America (US, Canada, Mexico) iri kutarisa matransformer akangwara uyekubatanidzwa kwegridi yedunhumuna 2025:

1. Kushambadzira kweSmart Transformer: Mitemo yehurumende yeUS yesimba rakachena inotsigira R&D yematransformer akangwara, nehukuru hwemusika hunofungidzirwa kudarika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora ekuAmerica muna 2025 (kukura kwegore negore kunodarika 10%). Mashandisirwo anosanganisira magrid akangwara uye masisitimu esimba akagoverwa.
2. Kubatana kweGridhi reDunhu: Canada neMexico, vachishandisa chibvumirano cheUS-Mexico-Canada (USMCA), vari kusimbisa kubatana kwegrid neUS. Muna 2025, misika yetransformer yeCanada neMexico inotarisirwa kusvika mabhiriyoni gumi emadhora eUS nemadhora mashanu emadhora eUS, zvichiteerana, zvichizadzisa kudiwa kwetransformer yepamusoro kubva kuUS.

Pfupiso
Muna 2025, mitemo yepasi rose yeindasitiri yekushandura magetsi ine simba guru inotungamirwa nepfungwa huru ye "shanduko yegirini + kusimudzira tekinoroji"​:

EU inokurudzira shanduko dzisina kabhoni yakawanda kuburikidza nekushanda zvakanaka uye zvinodiwa nezvakatipoteredza;
Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia kunowedzera zvisina kunanga kudiwa kwe transformer kuburikidza nemitemo yesimba rezuva;
India inosimbisa kutarisirwa kwemusika uye kunyora mazita nemazvo;
China inotarisa pakubatanidzwa kwesimba rinogona kushandiswazve uye magridi akangwara;
North America inosimudzira ma transformer akangwara uye kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo.
Marongero aya pamwe chete anosundira indasitiri yepasi rose yemagetsi ane simba guru rekushandura magetsi kuenda ku kushanda zvakanaka, njere, uye kuchengetedzeka.

(Cherechedza: Ruzivo rwuri pamusoro apa rwakavakirwa paruzivo rweveruzhinji kubva muna Ndira kusvika muna Chikunguru 2025. Kuti uwane mitemo chaiyo, ndapota tarisa zvinyorwa zvehurumende.)