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Chigadziko cheTransformer chepakati nepamusoro: Gwaro rehunyanzvi
2025-09-23
(Inotsigirwa neIndustry Data and Standards)
1. Mabasa Makuru uye Basa reIndasitiri
Switchgear inoshanda semusana wemagetsi epakati nepakakwirira (MV/HV), ichiita mabasa matatu akakosha kune matransformer:
- Kugoverwa Kwesimba: Inofambisa magetsi kubva kumatransformer kuenda kumitoro kuburikidza nemafeeder, mabhazi, uye zvishandiso zvekudzivirira.
- Dziviriro Yemhosva: Inovhiringidza ma currents mukati mema milliseconds (semuenzaniso, 31.5kA–40kA short-circuit break capacity) kudzivirira kukuvara kwemidziyo.
- Kuzviparadzanisa Nevamwe Vakachengeteka: Inoita kuti pave nekugadziriswa kwakachengeteka kuburikidza nekubatanidza michina uye nzira dzepasi.
Semuenzaniso, sisitimu ye12kV inoda nzvimbo shoma kubva pasi kuenda pasi ye125mm (inodzivirirwa nemhepo) kana 40mm (inodzivirirwa negesi) kudzivirira kutenderera kwemugero.
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2. Mhando uye Dhizaini yeZvivako
Kupatsanurwa kweSwitchgear uye marongero akakosha:
| Chikamu | Rudzi | Muenzaniso | MaParameter Akakosha | Kushandiswa |
| Kudzivirira | Inoputirwa nemhepo (AIS) | KYN28A-12 | Vheji yakayerwa: 12kV, Mhosva yemagetsi: 40kA | Zviteshi zveindasitiri |
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| Inodzivirirwa negesi (GIS) | Siemens 36kV GIS | Dhizaini diki (inochengetedza nzvimbo ne50%), SF6 gasi | Zviteshi zvemumaguta |
| Basa | Chishandiso chekuchinja mutoro | ABB ZS1 | Rated current: 630A, Nguva yekupwanya: | Matanho ekugovera |
|
| Chiyuniti chikuru cheringi (RMU) | Eaton HICOS | Muchina wekupwanya dunhu reVacuum, usina SF6 | Kubatanidzwa kwesimba rinogona kudzokororwa |
Zvikamu Zvakakosha:
- Muchina weVacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB): Inopa mashandiro emakanika anopfuura zviuru gumi ane
- Mabhazi: Madhaivha emhangura kana aruminiyamu (akaita sechikamu chepakati ≥100×10mm²) ane kugadzikana kwekupisa kusvika ku40kA/4s.
- Dziviriro Inotumirwa: Zvishandiso zvinotevedzera IEC 61850 zvekuona overcurrent, differential, uye arc-flash.
3. Magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi uye Mitemo
- Kuyera kweVoltage:
- MV: 3.3kV–36kV (inowanikwa mumagridi eindasitiri).
- HV: 66kV–800kV (network dzekutumira).
- Mazinga ekudzivirira:
| Voltage yeSisitimu | Simba Rinomira Kusawirirana (1min) | Mheni Inotsungirira Kuvhunduka |
| 12kV | 42kV | 75kV |
| 40.5kV | 95kV | 185kV |
- Zvinhu zvekuchengetedza:
- Kuvharira Kushanu Kwekudzivirira: Inodzivirira simba risingashande netsaona (semuenzaniso, maswichi ekudzikisa mutoro haakwanise kuvhara kunze kwekunge macircuit breaker akavhurika).
- Rubatsiro rweKumanikidzwa: Mapaneru asingaputike (semuenzaniso, 0.8mm aruminiyamu) magasi anoburitsa mhepo pa ≤50kPa kudzivirira vanoashandisa.
4. Nhungamiro dzeKusarudza neKugadzirisa
- Sarudzo Inotungamirirwa Nekushandisa:
- Nzvimbo Dzakanyanya Kukanganisa DzazvinoShandisa SF6-insulated GIS kuti uwedzere simba re dielectric.
- Nzvimbo Dzakaoma: Sarudza nzvimbo dzakavharirwa dzine IP54 dzine machira anodzivirira ngura.
- Kuedzwa Kwenguva Dzose:
- Kuramba Kubata: ≤100μΩ (yakayerwa kuburikidza ne micro-ohmmeter).
- Kuedzwa kweDielectric: 1.2/50μs lightning impulse (± 10% tolerance).
- Kugara Kwemakanika: Kushanda kwe5,000+ kwemacircuit breakers.
5. Mafambiro Ari Kubuda
- Kuchinja kwedhijitari:
- Smart switchgear inobatanidza masensa eIoT ekutarisa tembiricha, kudedera, uye chikamu chekubuda kwemagetsi panguva chaiyo.
- Muenzaniso: Chikuva cheSchneider Electric cheEcoStruxure chinogonesa kugadzirisa zvinofanotaurwa kuburikidza nekuongorora kwegore.
- Kugara kwenguva refu:
- Dzimwe nzira dzisina SF6 (semuenzaniso, vacuum kana solid-insulation) dzinoderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi egreenhouse ne95%.
- Dhizaini yeModular:
- Makabati ekubatanidza nekudzvanya (semuenzaniso, ABB's UniGear ZS1) anopfupisa nguva yekuisa ne40%.
Mareferensi
- IEC 62271-200:Chigadziko chesimbi chakavharirwa negesi
- IEEE C37.2:Chiyero chenhamba dzemabasa emagetsi ehurongwa hwemagetsi
- Gridhi reNyika muUK:Maitiro Akanakisisa Ekugadzirisa Maswitchgear