Chishandiso cheSwitch

Chii chinonzi Switchgear?

Maseketi emagetsi anobata mutoro wakafanorongwa nemagadzirirwo awo. Anofanira kudzorwa kudzivirira simba rakawandisa kuti risanyanya kupisa waya uye kuti system iwedzere kuzara. Sisitimu yakawandisa injodzi yekuchengetedza inogona kukuvadza zvinhu zvakakosha uye kutokonzera moto wemagetsi. Switchgear iripo kuti itonge zvinhu zvemagetsi uye ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinoshanda zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira.

Zvikamu zveswitchgear zvinosanganisira maswitch emagetsi anodzima magetsi, macircuit breaker, mafuse, uye maarter arrestor anofambisa kana kumisa kufamba kwemagetsi. Kana magetsi akawedzera, switchgear inomisa kufamba kwemagetsi uye inodzivirira masisitimu emagetsi kubva mukukuvadzwa kwesimba rakawandisa.

Sei switchgear ichidiwa?

Maswitchgear akagadzirirwa kudzivirira michina yakabatana nemagetsi kubva panjodzi yekuwanda kwemagetsi. Midziyo yemagetsi inochengetedza michina, midziyo, mota, nedzimwe nzira dzine magetsi anotenderera nekudzora nekudzora kuyerera kwemagetsi.

Switchgear inodzivirirawo nyanzvi dzekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa kubva mukukuvadzwa nekudziparadzanisa nematunhu ane simba. Nyanzvi dzemagetsi nemakambani anobatsira vanovimba neswitchgear kuti vabvise simba remidziyo kuti vaedze matunhu, vaite mabasa ekugadzirisa, uye vabvise zvikanganiso zviri pasi.

Chishandiso cheswitchgear chinoshanda sei?

Midziyo yeSwitchgear inodzivirira kukuvara uye kukanganiswa kwebasa nekudzora kufamba kwemagetsi mukati mesystem yemagetsi. Inogona kuparadzanisa macircuit akakanganiswa uku ichipa simba kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kuenda kumutoro panguva imwe chete. Kana simba remagetsi kana kutadza kwemagetsi kukakonzera circuit breaker mukati me electrical switching assembly, zvinhu zvinotsigira zvinodzivisa uye zvinoburitsa simba remagetsi mucircuit yakawandisa uku zvichiramba zvichishandira macircuit ari kushanda.

Mabhodhi ekuchinja (Switchboards) vs. Switchgear
Maswitchboard nemaswitchgear anoshanda mabasa akasiyana zvikuru. Ane zvikamu zvakasiyana zvehardware, voltage, mashandisirwo, uye mitemo yekuchengetedza. Maswitchboard zvishandiso zvine voltage shoma zvinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekutengeserana nemaindasitiri kutumira, kuchinja nzira, uye kugovera simba kune matransformer ega ega, masisitimu ekudzora, mapaneru edunhu, uye mitoro. Switchgear inodzora kufamba kwemagetsi kudzivirira njodzi dzemagetsi.

Mhando dzeswitchgear
MuNorth America, mhando nhatu dzemidziyo yemagetsi inochinja-chinja inorongwa zvichienderana neANSI/IEEE neNEC 2014 yemagetsi anopa magetsi anochinja-chinja.

1. Midziyo yekushandura magetsi ine simba shoma inoshandiswa kune masisitimu anoshanda neasingasviki 1 kilovolt (kV).

2. Midziyo yemagetsi inochinja magetsi iri pakati nepakati inoshanda pamagetsi ari pakati pe1 kV ne75 kV

3. Midziyo yemagetsi ine simba guru inoshanda pamagetsi kubva pa75 kV kusvika pa230 kV.

Midziyo yemagetsi inofanira kuiswa munzvimbo yakakodzera yakayerwa neNEMA kana ikashandiswa panze kuti idzivirire kubva mukukanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze.

● Chigadziko chemagetsi chakaderera
Switchgear ine maswitch, ma low-voltage circuit breakers, earth leakage circuit breakers, ma miniature circuit breakers (MCBs), ma molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs), ma high-interrupting capacity (HRC) fuses, uye ma offload electrical isolators.

Midziyo iyi inogona kugadziriswa kuti ishandiswe mukati kana kunze uye inogona kuverengerwa kuti ishandiswe pa208 volts, 240 volts, 480 volts, uye 600 volts kusvika ku1000 volts. Zvivako zvemaindasitiri, zvemaguta, uye zvemabhizinesi zvinowanzoshandisa switchgear ine voltage shoma kudzora kuendeswa kwemagetsi kuHVAC, mwenje, uye mamwe masisitimu ekuvaka.

● Chigadziko chemagetsi chepakati
Chishandiso chemagetsi chepakati nepakati chinoshandisa ma "oil-voltage insulators" ne "circuit breakers" kukanganisa kufamba kwemagetsi kana paine dambudziko remagetsi kana system ikatadza kushanda. Ma "insulator" anodzivirira nekutonhodza zvinhu zviri mu "electrical switching" michina, ukuwo "circuit breaker" ichidhonza ma "contacts" e "circuit" kuti ibudise "arc".

Masisitimu emumba nekunze anowanzo shandiswa pa5 kV, 12 kV, 15 kV, uye 35 kV kusvika ku75 kV kuratidza voltage yakakwira yavanogona kugadzirisa. Iyi michina yemagetsi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pazviteshi zvekugadzira magetsi uye pazviteshi zvemagetsi. Inoshandiswawo kudzora mamota, ma feeder circuits, uye majenareta panzvimbo dzemaindasitiri nedzemabhizinesi.

● Chigadziko chemagetsi chakakwirira
Chigadziko chemagetsi chine simba guru chinodzora masisitimu emagetsi anoshanda ne75 kV. Chishandiso ichi chemagetsi chinoshandisa zvinobatanidza magetsi, maswichi epasi, michina yekuchinja magetsi ine simba guru, mafiyuzi, uye macircuit breakers kudzora, kudzora, kukanganisa, kuparadzanisa, uye kuburitsa magetsi.

Nekuti chero zvikanganiso zvemagetsi zvinogona kugadzira arc ine simba guru, michina yekushandura magetsi ine simba guru inofanira kushanda nguva dzose uye yakavimbika. Midziyo iyi yekushandura inokosha kumashandiro anosangana nezvikanganiso zvemagetsi zvakawanda uye inoda kugara ichideredza simba remidziyo. Inowanikwa munzvimbo huru dzemagetsi dzinotakura magetsi uye munzvimbo dzekutengeserana kana dzemaindasitiri.

Mhando dzeSwitchgear Insulation
Nemagetsi akasiyana-siyana, switchgear inogonawo kushandisa mhando dzakasiyana dzekudzivirira kupisa kudzivirira michina ine simba kubva kumatambudziko emagetsi. Maswitchgear anovhara anoshandisa mhando dzinotevera dzekudzivirira kupisa.

● Midziyo yemagetsi inopinzwa negesi
Chigadziko chemagetsi chinodzivirira gasi (GIS) chinoshandisa macircuit breaker anoshandisa gasi resulfur hexafluoride (SF6) rinomanikidza maconductors ne contacts uye rinodzima arc current inogadzirwa ne electrical fault. Carbon dioxide (CO2) inzira isingakuvadzi mamiriro ekunze panzvimbo peSF6. Kutsiva SF6 neCO2 kunogona kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa ne10 matani mukati mehupenyu hwemuchina.

● Midziyo yemagetsi inoputirwa nemhepo
Chigadziko chemagetsi chinoputira mhepo (AIS) chinoshandisa macircuit breaker anoshandisa mhepo yakamanikidzwa kana simba remagineti kuti arc iwedzere kuyerera kwayo.

● Midziyo yemagetsi inoputirwa nemafuta
Chigadziko chemagetsi chinoputira mafuta chinopfungaira mafuta emugodhi ari munzira yearc inogadzirwa kana macontacts anotakura magetsi apatsanuka uye anoakomberedza nehydrogen gas bubble inoburitsa magetsi uye inodzivirira arc kuti isadzokezve.

● Midziyo yemagetsi inoputirwa ne vacuum
Chigadziko chemagetsi chinoputirwa ne vacuum chinobvisa mamorekuru anogona kusanganiswa nemagetsi. Chero arc inotambanudzwa uye inopedzwa kunyangwe magetsi achikwira.

Kuisa Switchgiya
Vashandi vane marezenisi akakodzera vanofanira kuisa michina yese yemagetsi vachitevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza inoshanda, nhungamiro dzekuvaka, uye mirairo yemugadziri. Kuisa kwakakodzera kunoita kuti mashandiro ashande zvakanaka.